Credit Reports-What information is contained in
them This information includes how you pay your
bills, your current bank cards and charge accounts
as well as your history of repaying loans. It provides
information about whether you have ever filed for
bankruptcy or have been sued for not paying money
that you owed. It may also show if you've ever been
arrested. It is useful in many situations. When
you apply for a loan, the grantor (for example,
a bank) may obtain a copy to determine whether to
grant you more money. Landlords obtain them when
you apply to lease or rent a home. They are also
routinely used by businesses to evaluate employment,
insurance, and loans.
C.C.B. accesses information from the largest wholesaler
of consumer information in the country, Experian
Corporation. Experian (formally known as TRW), and
the two other major agencies, TransUnion and Equafax,
receive their information from grantors, such as
banks or bank card companies. Experian then compiles
and stores this data, evaluates the worthiness from
a set of standards devised jointly with Fair Isaac
Corporation, and wholesales this information to
businesses like C.C.B. who are required to legally
abide by the laws of the FCRA. In turn, C.C.B. then
resells this information to prospective employers,
and prospective landlords. It is illegal for anybody
to receive a copy who is not entitled to it, and
for anyone to supply a copy to someone who is not
authorized to receive it. Some of the people who
receive consumer information from C.C.B. with applicant
permission and proper qualifications are Landlords,
Real Estate Agents, Property Managers, Apartment
Managers, and Employers.
Your Financial Profile
You can't escape it. It will always precede you.
It represents your reputation in the personal
financial community. If it is solid, it can be
one of your best assets. If it is damaged, it
can be one of your biggest liabilities.The sad
truth is that the majority of Americans have never
seen their personal consumer information, though
their profile affects practically every aspect
of their financial lives. Even more disturbing
is that of those who have seen theirs, a significant
number don't understand what they are reading.
As more and more Americans put their funds into
the stock and bond markets, it is not uncommon
to see people hunched over the morning newspaper,
watching one of the financial news networks, surfing
the net checking out their portfolios or doing
research, or pouring over their monthly investment
statements. Unfortunately, few, if any, people
realize that were they to dedicate just a fraction
of the time they spend reviewing their investments
to working on the development of a portfolio,
they would dramatically enhance their ability
to build the type of financial security they are
striving for.
Identification.
Your name, birth date, Social Security Number,
employer, and spouses name are routinely noted,
as well as possibly your employment history, home
ownership, income, and previous address.
Payment history.
Your accounts with different grantors are listed,
showing how much has been extended and whether
you've paid on time. Overdue accounts, collections,
and charge offs are also noted. Inquires.
A record is maintained of all the grantors who
have asked for it in the last year, and those
persons or businesses who have asked for it in
the last two years. Public information.
Events that are a matter of public record, such
as liens, judgments, foreclosures, and bankruptcies
may also be included.You can be denied loans,
insurance, housing, or employment due to the information
contained in them. Most financial advisors recommend
that you check yours periodically for inaccuracies
or emissions. Obviously, it is important that
the information be complete and accurate.
On the Tutorial Page of this website we have
included the Experian (TRW) codes and score factors
Reasons To Order
If you have never seen a copy, you definitely
should order a 3-in-1, which includes Experian,
Equifax, and TransUnion. The three national bureaus
do not communicate with each other, so you actually
have three seperate files. It is up to you to
make sure that your history is accurate.
Mistakes DO Happen
Do you know who has had access to your information?
Do you know if the information they saw is accurate?
According to a study by U.S. PIRG, 70 percent
of have errors of some kind and 29 percent contained
serious errors like false delinquencies and judgements
that don't belong to the consumer.
You are applying for a loan
If you are considering applying for a car loan,
bank loan, you will want to see and make sure
all information is accurate. Since each inquiry
can count against your rating, make sure that
your application isn't rejected based on mistakes.
Co-Signed a Loan
If you have co-signed a loan for a family member
or friend, their payment record will also appear.
Make sure you know how your affected.
Mortgage-shopping
Before you start shopping for mortgage, take a
look before the mortgage companies do.
Renting
If you are going to be renting an apartment, especially
in a competitive market, it is wise to have a
recent copy with you while apartment hunting.
Most apartment owners or managers will want to
check your information before offering you a lease
Divorce
Your info may be combined with your spouse, and
there may be certain transactions that you may
not be aware of. If you get a divorce, notify
the three major CRA'S that your status has changed
to "single." Provide them with new addresses
for both you and your ex-spouse. Specify that
all accounts should henceforth be separated. Otherwise,
transactions may be on the wrong spouse's account.
The records could get tangled confused, especially
if one of you were to remarry. Occasionally, one
or both spouses may experience financial problems
during the separation period preceding the final
divorce, especially if marital assets are frozen
during settlement negotiations. You will need
a copy to review with your attorney so that you
can accurately evaluate how your divorce will
affect you financially.
Fraud Monitoring
Someone may be committing fraud by using your
identity and applying for loans in your name.
CRA'S do not have to inform you of suspect items,
so it's up to you to be vigilant. You should regularly
check your information to make sure that all new
inquiries and accounts are not fraudulent. Make
sure all information is accurate and if you suspect
fraud, contact your CRA and ask that they put
a fraud alert on your file.
Self-Employed?
If you have your own business, it is imperative
that you regularly monitor your financial condition.
The more informed, the greater your ability to
secure the financing you need to properly build
and maintain your company.
Financial Planning
If you use a financial advisor, it is recommended
that you check at least once a year and review
it with him/her so your financial condition can
be accurately assessed.
If you've been denied loans, insurance, or employment
because of inaccurate information, the FCRA says
the company you applied to must give you the CRA'S
name, address, and telephone number. If you contact
the agency for a copy of your information within
60 days of receiving a denial notice, the information
is free.
The Three Major CRA'S
EXPERIAN, CONSUMER ASSISTANCE, P.O. Box 2002,
Allen, TX 75013-0036 Telephone (888)397-3742
EQUIFAX, CONSUMER ASSISTANCE, P.O. Box 740241,
Atlanta, GA 30374-0241 Telephone (800) 685-1111
TRANS UNION CORP, CUSTOMER RELATIONS, 2 Baldwin
Pl., P.O. Box 1000, Chester, PA 19022 Telephone
(800) 888-4213.
Correcting Errors and Disputing Inaccuracies
Under the FCRA, both the CRA and the organization
that provided the information to the CRA, such
as a bank or grantor, have responsibilities for
correcting inaccurate or incomplete information.
To protect all your rights under the law, contact
both the CRA and the information provider.First,
tell the CRA in writing what information you believe
is inaccurate. Include copies (NOT originals)
of documents that support your position. In addition
to providing your complete name and address, your
letter should clearly identify each item you dispute,
state the facts and explain why you dispute the
information, and request deletion or correction.
You may want to enclose a copy with the items
in question circled. Your letter may look something
like the sample below. Send your letter by certified
mail, return receipt requested, so you can document
what the CRA received. Keep copies of your dispute
letter and enclosures.CRAs must reinvestigate
the items in question--usually within 30 days--unless
they consider your dispute frivolous. They also
must forward all relevant data you provide about
the dispute to the information provider. After
the information provider receives notice of a
dispute from the CRA, it must investigate, review
all relevant information provided by the CRA..
If the information provider finds the disputed
information to be inaccurate, it must notify all
nationwide CRAs so they can correct this information
in your file. l Disputed information that cannot
be verified must be deleted from your file.
If it contains erroneous information, the CRA
must correct it.
If an item is incomplete, the CRA must complete
it. For example, if your file showed that you
were late making payments, but failed to show
that you were no longer delinquent, the CRA must
show that you're current.
If your file shows an account that belongs only
to another person, the CRA must delete it.
When the reinvestigation is complete, the CRA
must give you the written results and a free copy
of if the dispute results in a change. If an item
is changed or removed, the CRA cannot put the
disputed information back in your file unless
the information provider verifies its accuracy
and completeness, and the CRA gives you a written
notice that includes the name, address, and phone
number of the provider.Also, if you request, the
CRA must send notices of corrections to anyone
who received one in the past six months. Job applicants
can have a corrected copy of theirs sent to anyone
who received a copy during the past two years
for employment purposes. If a reinvestigation
does not resolve your dispute, ask the CRA to
include your statement of the dispute in your
file and in the future.Second, in addition to
writing to the CRA, tell the grantor or other
information provider in writing that you dispute
an item. Again, include copies (NOT originals)
of documents that support your position. Many
providers specify an address for disputes. If
the provider then includes the item to any CRA,
it must include a notice of your dispute. In addition,
if you are correct-that is, if the disputed information
is not accurate-the information provider may not
use it again. Accurate Negative Information When
negative information in your file is accurate,
only the passage of time can assure its removal.
Accurate negative information can generally stay
on your report for 7 years. There are certain
exceptions:
Information about criminal convictions may be
included without any time limitation.
Bankruptcy information may be included for 10
years.
Information included in response to an application
for a job with a salary of more than $75,000 has
no time limit.
Information included because of an application
for more than $150,000 worth life insurance has
no time limit.
Information about a lawsuit or an unpaid judgment
against you can beincluded for seven years or
until the statute of limitations runs out, whichever
is longer. Criminal convictions can be included
without any time limit.
Adding Accounts to Your File
Your file may not reflect all your accounts. Although
most national department store and all-purpose
bank card accounts will be included in your file,
not all grantors supply information to CRAs: Some
travel, entertainment, gasoline card companies,
and local retailers are among those grantors that
don't. If you've been told you were denied because
of an "insufficient file" or "no
file" and you have accounts with grantors
that don't appear in your file, ask the CRA to
add this information tin the future. Although
they are not required to do so, many CRAs will
add verifiable accounts for a fee. You should,
however, understand that if these grantors do
not report to the CRA on a regular basis, these
added items will not be updated in your file.
Sample Dispute Letter
Date
Your Name
Your Address
Your City, State, Zip Code
Complaint Department
Name of CRA
Address
City, State, Zip Code
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am writing to dispute the following information
in my file. The items I dispute are also encircled
on the attached copy I received. (Identify item(s)
disputed by name of source, such as grantors or
tax court, and identify type of item, such as
account, judgment, etc.)
This item is (inaccurate or incomplete) because
(describe what is inaccurate or incomplete and
why). I am requesting that the item be deleted
(or request another specific change) to correct
the information.
Enclosed are copies of (use this sentence if applicable
and describe any enclosed documentation, such
as payment records, court documents) supporting
my position. Please reinvestigate this (these)
matter(s) and (delete or correct) the disputed
item(s) as soon as possible.
Sincerely,
Your name
Enclosures: (List what you are enclosing)
SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION
The Federal Trade Commission enforces a number
of laws and provides consumers with free information.
The ECOA prohibits the denial because of your
sex, race, marital status, religion, national
origin, age, or because you receive public assistance.
The FCRA gives you the right to learn what information
is being distributed about you by CRA'S
The Truth in Lending Act requires lenders to give
you written disclosures of the cost and terms
of repayment before you enter into a bank card
transaction.
The Fair Billing Act establishes procedures for
resolving billing errors on your bank card accounts.
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act prohibits
debt collectors from using unfair or deceptive
practices to collect overdue bills that your grantor
has forwarded for collection.
Nolo Legal Center-An excellent source for legal
documents and landlord tenant law.
Citi Credit Bureau
714-441-0083 fax 714-441-0085
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